Rajkanella hottingerinaformis n. gen., n. sp., a new larger benthic foraminifer from the middle-upper Cenomanian of Kosovo     

《Cretaceous Research》2015

A new larger benthic porcelaneous foraminifer of soritid affinity is described as Rajkanella hottingerinaformis n. gen., n. sp. from the middle-upper Cenomanian of Kosovo. It occurs in foraminiferal packstones and grainstones, in association with cuneolinids, rhapidionids, chrysalidinids, and other benthic foraminifers. Due to its general morphology and superficial chamber subdivision by exoskeletal elements, Rajkanella n. gen. can be compared with the early Paleogene genus Hottingerina Drobne, 1975, from which it mainly differs in its apertural features, ornamented test, and coiled adult stage. Further differences to coeval Pseudorhapydionina De Castro, 1971, Pseudorhipidionina De Castro, 1971, and to other comparable genera, are discussed. The discovery of Rajkanella hottingerinaformis in the middle-upper Cenomanian is a further witness of the significant radiation and blooming of increasingly complex porcelaneous foraminifers in inner platform, shallow-water depositional settings during that period.  相似文献   

Data,interface, security: Assembling technologies that govern the future     

《Geoforum》2015

Over the last decade, fire governance practices in the British Fire and Rescue Service (FRS) have undergone fundamental transformation. Rather than just being responded to as and when they occur, the FRS have adopted a range of anticipatory governing strategies to govern fires in anticipation of their occurence. This turn towards anticipatory governance has been facilitated in no small part by the digital infrastructure now embedded in the FRS. Composed of data, hardware, software, fibre-optic cables along with human analysts and organisational processes, this infrastructure operates to make risk projections on fire which shape and condition strategic decision making. This paper explores the operation of this digital infrastructure through the notion of interface. Drawing on empirical material relating to processes of data sourcing and risk calculation, interfaces account for the sites, moments and experiences in which human and non-human agents relate to one another in making fire risk projections. Showing relations to exist spatially, temporally and sensually, I argue that interfaces are crucial to the operation of an anticipatory security apparatus which relies on digital devices.  相似文献   

红纤维虾海藻(Phyllospadix iwatensis)形态结构特征及其对海洋环境的适应性     

曹政飞  张伟  赵宏 《海洋与湖沼》2015,46(6):1326-1332

红纤维虾海藻作为海洋沉水高等植物具有重要的生态与渔业价值。该物种目前已经处于濒 危状态, 且研究资料十分匮乏。本研究通过实地生境调查, 对其进行了形态学与解剖学研究, 并在此 基础上对其海洋环境的结构适应性进行了较为深入的探讨。研究结果表明: 红纤维虾海藻须根末端 膨大并密生根毛, 有利于增强植株的抓附能力和吸收能力; 表皮细胞细胞壁具有类似栓化细胞初生 壁性质的六面加厚现象, 与外部多层皮层厚角组织形成机械组织区, 叶鞘内侧含有丰富的机械组织, 使结构的抗性加强, 能承受较强的海流冲击; 雄花序中无退化雌蕊, 雌花序兼具雌蕊和退化的雄蕊, 花序轴两侧着生数枚桨状小苞片, 花粉丝状, 利于授粉, 传粉方式为水媒和半水媒传粉; 小坚果密 生倒向长鬃毛, 便于果实在海流中固着锚定。该研究弥补了目前对海洋沉水高等植物适应性进化特 征理解的不足, 也为该物种在生态修复中的应用提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

Seismic amplifications from offshore to shore     

《Applied Ocean Research》2015

The objective of this study is to determine numerical estimations of seismic amplifications of waves traveling from offshore to shore considering the effect of sea floor configurations. According to the Boundary Element Method, boundary elements were used to irradiate waves and density force can be determined for each element. From this hypothesis, Huygens’ Principle is implemented since diffracted waves are constructed at the boundary from which they are radiated and this is equivalent to Somigliana's theorem. Application of boundary conditions leads to determine a system of integral equations of Fredholm type of second kind, which is solved by the Gaussian method. Various numerical models were analyzed, a first one was used to validate the proposed formulation and some other models were used to show various ideal sea floor configurations to estimate seismic amplifications. Once the formulation was validated, basic slope configurations were studied for estimating spectra of seismic amplifications for various sea floor materials. In general terms, compressional waves (P-waves) can produce seismic amplifications of the incident wave in the order of 2–5. On the other hand, distortional waves (S-waves) can produce amplifications up to 5.5 times the incident wave. A relevant finding is that the highest seismic amplifications due to an offshore earthquake are always located near the shore-line and not offshore despite the seafloor configuration.  相似文献   

Temporal vulnerability in hazardscapes: Flood memory-networks and referentiality along the North Carolina Neuse River (USA)     

Daniel H. de Vries   《Global Environmental Change》2011,21(1):154-164

Social models of population vulnerability to disasters increasingly include the notion that vulnerability has a strong temporal component. While this temporality is typically conceptualized as objective (making vulnerability “dynamic,” “multiscalar,” and/or “historical”), it consistently fails to acknowledge that among stakeholders managing hazardscapes temporality is also a social process in which subjective experience of time may play a role in creating situations of population vulnerability. This paper proposes that the temporal situatedness of a population relative to past hazard events and the quality with which stakeholders engage hazard memory-chains combine to significantly influences its vulnerability to natural hazards. It is proposed that this temporal vulnerability is characterized by shared, population level potential for surprise and can be evaluated by exploration of time-series depth and temporal reference points in historical ecological narratives and documents. Based on ethnohistoric research conducted from 2002 to 2006 in flood-prone eastern North Carolina (USA), it is illustrated how temporal vulnerability was relatively higher in the Neuse River watershed located at the City of Kinston than surrounding watersheds. Due to the combination of factors including the damming of the Neuse River in the 1980s, outdated official floodplain maps, relatively unmonitored floodplain development, the stochastic timing of flood events (placing the last major flood more than a generation away), technological optimism, and turnover of floodplain officials and residents, local stakeholders were seriously misinformed about the space-time risks involved both before and after the disaster of Hurricane Floyd (1999) happened. To deal with this inconsistency, the temporal rarity of Hurricane Floyd as a “500-year event” has been motivated and embraced by many in an effort to continue life-as-is. The paper proposes that the concept of temporal vulnerability is further explored and used as key dimension in the vulnerability sciences.  相似文献   

System identification of a building from multiple seismic records     

Hasan S. Ulusoy  Maria Q. Feng  Paul J. Fanning 《地震工程与结构动力学》2011,40(6):661-674

This paper describes the identification of finite dimensional, linear, time‐invariant models of a 4‐story building in the state space representation using multiple data sets of earthquake response. The building, instrumented with 31 accelerometers, is located on the University of California, Irvine campus. Multiple data sets, recorded during the 2005 Yucaipa, 2005 San Clemente, 2008 Chino Hills and 2009 Inglewood earthquakes, are used for identification and validation. Considering the response of the building as the output and the ground motion as the input, the state space models that represent the underlying dynamics of the building in the discrete‐time domain corresponding to each data set are identified. The time‐domain Eigensystem Realization Algorithm with the Observer/Kalman filter identification procedure are adopted in this paper, and the modal parameters of the identified models are consistently determined by constructing stabilization diagrams. The four state space models identified demonstrate that the response of the building is amplitude dependent with the response frequency and damping, being dependent on the magnitude of ground excitation. The practical application of this finding is that the consistency of this building response to future earthquakes can be quickly assessed, within the range of ground excitations considered (0.005g–0.074g), for consistency with prior response—this assessment of consistent response is discussed and demonstrated with reference to the four earthquake events considered in this study. Inclusion of data sets relating to future earthquakes will enable the findings to be extended to a wider range of ground excitation magnitudes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Predicting the equilibrium bed slope in natural streams using a stochastic model for incipient sediment motion     

Vito Ferro  Paolo Porto 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2011,36(8):1007-1022

In this paper, a method to predict the equilibrium bed slope in natural streams based on the incipient motion criterion is proposed. The method is based on the criterion suggested by Gessler to simulate the grain size distribution of the armour coat using the concept of critical shear stress of a sediment mixture. In particular, a different expression of the probability for a single particle size to be part of the armour coat is firstly proposed; then, a simple two‐steps criterion is suggested to estimate the safety factor required by the proposed approach. The method is applied in three different Italian regions (Calabria, Basilicata, and Tuscany) and required several field campaigns involving the survey of 251 stream reaches upstream of grade‐control structures. The area including five Calabrian streams is firstly used to test the suitability of the two‐steps approach. In this area, considering the detailed information about the particle size of bed material, the effect of using a simplified grain size distribution for each torrent is also checked. The method is then applied within the two additional areas (Basilicata and Tuscany) in order to check the geographic influence on the prediction of the stable longitudinal profile. A comparison between measured and estimated values of the equilibrium bed slope showed a good agreement for the Calabrian streams, where the number of the investigated stream reaches is greater, and satisfactory results for the torrents located in Basilicata and Tuscany where the field data set is more limited. The overall results encourage the extension of the proposed method to additional field data and suggest the use of this approach by hydraulic designers in order to stabilize the longitudinal profile of natural streams. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

四川及邻区抗倒塌地震区划图编制   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

雷建成  高孟潭  吕红山  亢川川  陈鲲 《地震学报》2011,33(2):219-233

通过数字试验,分析了不同编图方法对地震区划结果的影响.基于四川及邻区的地震地质环境、地震活动特征,K2值特征,△Tg分布特征,考虑到地震区划图的继承性和连续性以及与我国现行抗震设计规范的衔接,提出了抗倒塌地震区划图编制的编制原则和方法,编制了四川及邻区的抗倒塌地震区划图.  相似文献   

人-板耦合动力响应分析     

谢伟平  徐薇  刘隆 《地震工程与工程振动》2011,31(3):45-50

针对大跨度空间结构楼板振动舒适度问题,建立相应的人-板耦合模型,通过理论分析及有限元计算,系统研究了人-板相互作用体系的动力特性.详细分析了板的约束条件、楼板装饰层以及人群荷载密度分布等各种因素对楼板自振特性的影响.以大跨度车站结构为背景,采用人-板耦合体系,进行人行荷载同步、队列、散步等不同方式作用下楼板竖向振动的研...  相似文献   

从欧洲抗震设计规范的一般规定浅谈结构抗震概念设计的重要性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵真  谢礼立 《地震工程与工程振动》2011,31(5):190-195

由于地震的作用以及在这种作用下的结构与构件的受力状况的复杂性和不确定性,结构抗震设计的计算假定与实际情况存在各种差异,甚至有时还根本无法计算.因此在这种情况下,为确保抗震结构性能,就不得不依赖结构抗震的概念设计.结构抗震概念设计是指工程师们根据结构地震破坏的形态和长期积累的实际工程经验等总结形成的符合工程师专业知识的基...  相似文献